Solaiman tarafder et al 2020 biofabrication 12 015008 view the article online for updates and enhancements. In tendon tissue engineering, electrospun scaffolds with aligned, porous, 3d topological structure were designed to enhance biomechanical properties and promote cell penetration. Tissue engineering strategies to improve tendon repair healing include the use of scaffolds, growth factors, cell seeding, or a combination of these approaches. Due to their selfrenewal and multilineage differentiation potential, mscs from a variety of tissues, including bone marrow tucker et al. Tissue engineering is a promising approach to repair tendon and muscle when natural healing fails. Tissue engineering for tendon repair british journal of. A novel silk fiber skeleton matrix seeded with pluripotent cells that grow and differentiate on the matrix to form ligaments or tendons ex vivo. Disclosed is a novel silk fiber skeleton matrix having a wire rope form used to ex vivo produce a ligament or tendon, especially an anterior cruciate ligament, to a recipient in need thereof. Tendons are specialised, heterogeneous connective tissues, which represent a significant healthcare challenge after injury. Role of tissue engineering in tendon reconstructive. Tendon injuries are varied between degenerative tendinopathies and tendon defects2,17 and could be. Comprehensive literature searches focused on advanced composite biomaterials for tendon and ligament tissue engineering. Injury and degeneration of tendon, the soft tissue that mechanically links muscle and bone, can cause substantial pain and loss of function.
In particular, the application of biomimetic design principles through the use of nano. The hierarchical architectures of tendon and ligaments and their tridimensional architectures have significant similarities except that ligaments are denser than tendons and their. Mechanical and biochemical stimulation of 3d multilayered. Pdf the tissue engineering field has made great strides in understanding how different aspects of tissue engineered constructs tecs and the culture. Tendon tissue engineering using scaffold enhancing. Tendon tissue engineering aims to induce selfregeneration of the tendon tissue in vivo, or to produce a functional tissue replacement in vitro which can then be implanted into the body. Tissue engineering techniques using novel scaffold materials offer potential alternatives for managing tendon disorders. Advances in tendon and ligament tissue engineering.
Biochemical pathways activated during repair, experimental injury models. As we all know, the important role of tendon tissue is to load and transfer forces. Automated freezethaw cycles for decellularization of. As a novel solution, tendon tissue engineering aims to address these lesions by integrating engineered, living substitutes with their native counterparts in vivo, thereby restoring the defective functions in situ. The role of bioreactors in ligament and tendon tissue engineering authors. To be able to have a good judgment regarding the management of tendon and ligament injuries, it is crucial to have a basic knowledge of. Advances in engineering and knowledge of chemistry and biology have brought forth numerous fibre. This study reports the effect of polyphosphazene surface functionalization on human mesenchymal stem cell hmsc adhesion, cellconstruct in. Tendon engineering tissue engineering for the hand.
Biomarkers for tissue engineering of the tendonbone interface. Understanding tissue physiology and development to engineer functional substitutes. Cocultured tissuespecific scaffolds for tendonbone interface engineering jared o cooper 1, joel d bumgardner, judith a cole2, richard a smith3 and warren o haggard1 abstract the tendonligamenttobone interface has a complex organization to enable transfer of forces through the tendon ligament to. Biochemical and physical factors can potentially alter both the production and the organisation of this matrix, and their. Polyphosphazene functionalized polyester fiber matrices. A significant problem in flexor tendon repair is the lack of suitable graft material for reconstruction. Various biomaterials have been used to develop scaffolds for tendon. Pdf tendon tissue engineering and its role on healing of. Pdf tendon phenotype should dictate tissue engineering. As an alternative, scaffoldbased tissue engineering strategies are being pursued. Tenogenic activity on mesenchymal stem cells and utility in tendon tissue engineering guang yang, ph.
It is a medium through which tensile stresses are induced into the concrete. Tissue engineering a tendonbone junction with biodegradable. Current progress in tendon and ligament tissue engineering. In the literature, a range of natural andor synthetic materials have been combined to produce composite scaffolds tendon and ligament tissue engineering. Jp2010075717a matrix for producing ligament, tendon, and. Preparation and characterization of decellularized tendon. Role of tissue engineering in tendon regenerative medicine. The tissue engineering scaffolds must be biocompatible, highly porous and biodegradable. Tissue engineering of tendon tissue is a further strategy fulfilling this need.
As tendon tissue engineering continues to improve, the field needs to employ more clinically relevant models of tendon injury such as degenerative tendons. The need to regenerate a robust tendontobone insertion has led a number of tissue engineering repair strategies. Other materials like polytetra uoroethylene ptfe were also investigated as ligament tissue substitutes or in tendon augmentation gras, for their biologically inert and strong mechanical characteristics. Tendon tissue engineering an overview sciencedirect topics. The inadequate number of donors combined with many challenges associated with autografts, allografts, xenografts, and prosthetic devices have added to the value of engineering biological substitutes, which can be implanted to repair the damaged tendons. To be able to have a good judgment regarding the management of tendon and ligament injuries, it is crucial to have a basic knowledge of tendon and ligament healing and regeneration. Novel strategies in tendon and ligament tissue engineering. Cocultured tissuespecific scaffolds for tendonbone. Growth factors incorporated in tecs may also support the healing process of the lacerated tendon tissue.
Secondly, we explored the current role of tendon and ligament tissue engineering, describing its recent advances. Tendons play an important role in transferring stress between muscles and bones and in maintaining. Research article open access tissue engineering a tendonbone junction with biodegradable braided scaffolds harshini ramakrishna1, tieshi li5, ting he1, joseph temple2, martin w. Studies were categorised depending on the application. Arthroscopic techniques, suture material, and improved rehabilitation have all been contributing factors. Injuries to ligaments and tendons are important causes of pain and immobility in our society. Special issue tendonligament reconstruction by tissue. In these composite materials, specialised cells have been com bined with biomaterials to produce complex, heterogeneous scaffolds with.
Pdf tendon and ligament tissue engineering, healing and. Pdf advances in tendon and ligament tissue engineering. Despite the use of a randomly arrayed pga mesh, there was some organization and parallel orientation of the matrix evident in the histologic studies. Basically, an appropriate scaffold material is developed and tested for its biomechanical suitability as a graft. Such scaffolds must meet several functional criteria. Biohybrid constructs obtained after cells seeding and culture in dedicated scaffolds have indeed been considered as relevant tools for mimicking native tissue, leading to a better integration in vivo. Tissue engineering offers the potential to recover the functional integrity of entheses. For such a purpose, competent scaffolding materials are. Adult mscs are another promising cell source for tendon tissue engineering. The production of tendon tissue which is both viable and functional requires the generation of a uniaxially orientated matrix. The role of bioreactors in ligament and tendon tissue. As tendon tissue engineering continues to improve, the field needs to employ more clinically relevant models of tendon injury such as.
Structure and hierarchical architecture of normal tendon and ligament. Tendon traumas or diseases are prevalent and debilitating lesions that affect the quality of life among populations worldwide. The tendonbone interface enthesis is a highly sophisticated biomaterial junction that allows stress transfer between mechanically dissimilar materials. The current gold standard for fixing tendon tears is surgical repair. The ex vivo production of flexor tendon graft constructs requires the expansion of primary cells. In particular, the anterior cruciate ligament acl and those tendons. In situ tissue engineering of the tendontobone interface by endogenous stemprogenitor cells to cite this article. Because of the limited and unsatisfactory outcomes of clinical tendon repair, tissue engineering approaches using adult mesenchymal stem cells mscs are being considered a. Anisotropic cytocompatible electrospun scaffold for tendon. Tissue engineering approaches aim at promoting tissue regeneration by delivering the opportune signals to the injured site combining biomaterials, cells and biochemical cues.
Tissue engineering of ligaments and tendons springerlink. Therefore, the ideal tendon scaffold must be able to meet the physiologic demand of. Scaffolds have been the most common strategy investigated to date. In vascular tissue engineering, the most important point was simulating the trilayered structure and. Preparation and characterization of decellularized tendon slices for tendon tissue engineering liangju ning, yi zhang, xiaohe chen, jingcong luo, xiuqun li, zhiming yang, tingwu qin institute of stem cell and tissue engineering, state key laboratory of biotherapy and regenerative medicine research. Tendon tears are difficult to heal and are associated with high recurrence rates. In the last decade, tissue engineering has seen much advancement and several manufacturing technologies and treatment modalities have been introduced to reduce limitations of tendon healing and to improve the healing response 5,12,33. To produce a viable and functional tendon, a uniaxially orientated collagen type i matrix has to be generated. If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to reset your password. Arguably, the most suitable choice for a naturally derived biomaterial scaffold for tendon tissue engineering would be one that is derived from allogeneic tendon tissue. Classification of tendon injuries to design a suitable treatment strategy for tendon reconstruction, it is important to know the nature of the tendon injury and its correlation with the goals of tissue engineering1. It is anticipated that this novel approach to bonetendon interfacial tissue engineering will avoid the use of pluripotent stem cells or the need to coculture two or more different cell lines. It maybe one single steel wire or a group of wires twisted tog. Khan, university college london institute of orthopaedics and musculoskeletal science, royal national orthopaedic hospital, stanmore.
In situ tissue engineering of the tendontobone interface. These inadequacies combined with the significant economic and health impact have prompted the development of tissue engineering approaches. Tendon and ligament tissue engineering, healing and regenerative medicine figure 1. Methodology article open access automated freezethaw cycles for decellularization of tendon tissue a pilot study susanne pauline roth1,2, sina marie glauche2, amelie plenge3, ina erbe1, sandra heller4 and janina burk1,2,5 abstract background. The tissue engineering field has made great strides in understanding how different aspects of tissue engineered constructs tecs and the culture process affect final tendon repair. Decellularization of tendon tissue plays a pivotal role in current tissue engineering approaches for in. Tissue replacement via autografts and allografts are nonideal strategies that can lead to future problems. Biomimetic scaffold design for functional and integrative. Tissue engineering could be divided into four categories including scaffolds, healing promotive factors, stem cells and gene therapy. Scaffolds, cell source, mechanical stimuli, growth factors, gene therapy, tissue engineering. Tendon injuries are frequent and occur in the elderly, young, and athletic populations. Growth factors, such as plateletderived growth factorbb pdgfbb, insulinlike growth factor1 igf1, and basic fibroblast growth factor bfgf, are known to promote tendon healing and.
A tendon is basically a steel cable used in prestressed concrete structural elements like beam, column etc. As with other forms of tissue engineering, muscle or tendon tissue engineering relies on three pillars. Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites for ligamenttendon. Currently, a ligamenttendon injury often require a surgical procedure using auto or allografts that present some limitations. Braided and stacked electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for. Figure 1 from tendon and ligament tissue engineering.
Ligaments and tendons are fibrous tissues with poor vascularity and limited regeneration capacity. The enthesis encounters very high mechanical demands and the regenerative capacity is very low resulting in high rupture recurrence rates after surgery. Tendon tissue engineering and its role on healing of the experimentally induced large tendon defect model in rabbits. Tissue engineering strategies for the tendonligamentto.